100+ BÀI TẬP CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 3 TỪ CƠ BẢN ĐẾN NÂNG CAO (CÓ ĐÁP ÁN)

Câu điều kiện loại 3 là phần ngữ pháp thông dụng trong tiếng Anh. Trong bài viết này, Langmaster sẽ giúp bạn tìm hiểu từ A đến Z cấu trúc, cách dùng cũng như cung cấp một số dạng bài tập câu điều kiện loại 3 để luyện tập và thành thạo kiến thức nhé!

1. Tóm tắt kiến thức về câu điều kiện loại 3

1.1 Cấu trúc

Câu điều kiện loại 3 là câu điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ, diễn tả một hành động hoặc sự việc không xảy ra ở quá khứ. Câu điều kiện loại 3 luôn gồm 2 mệnh đề: mệnh đề if và mệnh đề chính (có thể đổi vị trí cho nhau). 

Cấu trúc: If + S + had + Vpp/V-ed, S + would/could/might + have + Vpp/V-ed

Ví dụ:

• If Cindy hadn’t been sick last Friday, she would have joined your party. (Nếu Cindy không bị ốm vào thứ sáu tuần trước, cô ấy đã đến dự buổi tiệc của bạn.)
• If Sarah had reminded me, I wouldn’t have forgotten the umbrella. (Nếu Sarah nhắc tôi thì tôi đã không quên mất cái ô.)

1.2 Cách dùng

• Dùng để diễn tả giả thiết hành động, sự việc nào đó không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ. 

Ví dụ: If I had met David yesterday, I would have asked him about the project. (Nếu có gặp David hôm qua thì tôi đã hỏi anh ấy về dự án rồi.) (Thực tế hôm qua không gặp David nên hành động “hỏi về dự án” không hề xảy ra.)

• Cấu trúc: What would you have done if…? dùng để hỏi ý kiến, suy nghĩ của ai đó về một tình huống giả tưởng trong quá khứ.

Ví dụ: “What would you have done if you hadn’t passed the exam?” (Bạn sẽ làm gì nếu bản thân không đậu kỳ thi?)

• Thể hiện sự hối hận về hành động/sự việc đã diễn ra trong quá khứ với cấu trúc: If I had known…

Ví dụ: If I had known that book is boring, I wouldn’t have bought it to give you. (Nếu biết quyển sách đó không hay, tôi đã không mua nó để tặng cậu.)

• Diễn tả sự việc có thể xảy ra trong quá khứ dù không chắc chắn với “might” ở mệnh đề chính. 

Ví dụ: If I had called her, she might have gave me a second chance. (Nếu tôi gọi điện, biết đâu cô ấy sẽ cho tôi một cơ hội làm lại.)

• Diễn tả một ý muốn, dự định có khả năng thực hiện với “could” nếu điều kiện nói tới xảy ra. 

Ví dụ: If I had enough time, I could have finished this project perfectly. (Nếu tôi có đủ thời gian, tôi đã có thể hoàn thành dự án này một cách tốt nhất.)

1.3 Biến thể câu điều kiện loại 3

a. Biến thể mệnh đề if

• Dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn trong mệnh đề điều kiện if khi muốn nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động.

Cấu trúc: If + S + had + been + V-ing, S + would + have + V-ed/V3

Ví dụ: If John hadn’t been looking for his dog, he wouldn’t have been late for school. (Nếu John không mải kiếm con chó thì anh ấy đã không muộn học.)

• Có thể thay mệnh đề IF bằng cụm từ BUT FOR/ WITHOUT/ HAD IT NOT BEEN FOR, với nghĩa là “nếu không vì”.

Cấu trúc: But for/ Without/ Had not it been for + N, S + would  + have + V-ed/V3

Ví dụ: If Jack hadn’t helped us with this job, we couldn’t have finished it by tomorrow. 

=> Had it not been for Jack’s help, we couldn’t have finished this job by tomorrow. (Nếu Jack không giúp, chúng ta không thể hoàn thành xong việc này trước ngày mai.)

b. Biến thể mệnh đề chính

Dùng thì tiếp diễn trong mệnh đề chính:

Cấu trúc:  If + S + had + V-ed/V3, S + would + have + been + V-ing

Ví dụ: If Linh had been there, we would have been dancing together. (Nếu Linh ở đó, có lẽ chúng tôi đã cùng nhau khiêu vũ.)

Xem thêm:

• Cấu trúc đảo ngữ câu điều kiện
• Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp
• Câu điều kiện loại 0

1.4 Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện loại 3

Cấu trúc đảo ngữ: Had  + S + V-ed/V3, S + would + have + V-ed/V3

Ví dụ: If he had gone to the bar last night, he would have seen Lily. (Nếu tối hôm qua anh ta đến quán bar thì đã gặp được Lily)

=> Had he gone to the bar last night, he would have seen Lily.

2. Bài tập câu điều kiện loại 3 kèm đáp án

Bài tập 1: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc với câu điều kiện loại 3 cơ bản

1. If I had known Jack was in the hospital, I ________(go) to see him.
2. I didn’t see Anna in the park yesterday. If I had seen her, I ________(come) to talk to her. 
3. My mother didn’t go to the supermarket last night. She ________(buy) food if she had not been so tired.
4. She ________(not close) the door if her brother had not disturbed her.
5. The river’s view was wonderful. If I had bought a camera, I ________(take) some pictures of it.
6. She was not hungry. If she had been hungry, she ________(eat) some bananas.
7. If Linda had gone to the university, she ________(be) happy to join the art club.
8. If you had given a correct number to me, I ________(find) her much easier.
9. If I had saved enough money, I ________(buy) a big boat to travel. 
10. We ________(go) for the picnic yesterday if the weather had been sunny.
11. If my grandmother had gone to the university, she (study) _______ science. She likes science a lot.
12. She was not thirsty. If she had been thirsty, she (drink) _______ some water.
13. I did not see you in the pool yesterday. If I had seen you, I (swim) _______ with you.
14. If you had caught the bus, you ________ (not be) late for school.
15. If Mel had asked her teacher, he ________ (answer) her questions.
16. If you had done your homework, you _________ (have) no trouble at school.
17. If she had done as I told her, she ___________ (not have) many mistakes.
18. If we had stopped at the filling station, we _________ (not run) out of petrol.
19. If I had been hungry, I ________ (buy) a sandwich in the buffet car.
20. We ________ (book) a cabin if they hadn’t been so expensive.

Đáp án:

1. would have gone
2. would have come
3. would have bought
4. wouldn’t have closed
5. would have taken
6. would have eaten
7. would have been
8. would have found
9. would have bought
10. would have gone
11. would have studied
12. would have drunk
13. would have swum
14. wouldn’t have been
15. would have answered
16. would have had 
17. wouldn’t have had
18. wouldn’t have run 
19. would have bought
20. would have booked

Xem thêm: Cách làm bài tập cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc

Bài tập 2: Chia động từ trong ngoặc với câu điều kiện loại 3 nâng cao

1. If you ________(study) hard for the test, you ________(pass) it with flying colors.
2. If you ________(ask) me from the very start, I ________(help) you immediately.
3. If they ________(go) to the bar, they ________(see) my friend Lily.
4. If you ________(speak) English, she ________(understand) your feeling. 
5. If they ________(listen) to me, they ________(be) home earlier.
6. I ________(write) you a letter if I ________(know) your address.
7. If I ________(not break) my arm, I ________(take part) in the contest.
8. If it ________(not start) to rain, we ________(walk) to the church.
9. We ________(swim) in the sea if ________there (not/ be) so many dangers there.
10. If she ________(take) the train, she ________(arrive) on time.
11. If you ________ (look) at the departures board, you _______ (know) which gate to go to.
12. What you ________ (do) if the airline ________ (lose) your luggage?
13. We ________ (not go) out on deck if the weather ________ (not be) so lovely.
14. If I ________ (find) a bag on a train, I ________ (take) it to the lost property office.
15. I ________ (not use) the car park if I ________ (can) park on the street.
16. If I ________ (need) a taxi, I ________ (wait) at the taxi rank.
17. If I ________ (know) that you were in town, I ___________ (invite) you to my party.
18. If she _________ (finish) her homework, she __________ (go) to the movies.
19. If he __________ (not drive) drunk, he ____________ (not cause) the accident.
20. If I _________ (win) the lottery, I __________ (retire) early.
21. If I ________ (know) that the program was canceled, I _________(not come) to the event.
22. If he __________ (not follow) my instructions, the project ____________ (not succeed).
23. If they __________ (win) the lottery, they ____________ (buy) a new house.
24. If she _________ (have) more time, she ___________ (travel) around the world.
25. If she __________(not miss) her flight, she _____________(arrive) at the conference on time.
26. If you __________(not help) me with this project , I __________ (not finish) it on time.
27. If I _________ (save) more money, I ___________ (go) on that vacation.
28. If I _________ (know) how difficult the exam was going to be, I ___________ (study) harder.
29. If she ___________(prepare) more thoroughly, she __________(pass) the interview.
30. If they _________ (win) the championship, they __________ (celebrate) all night.

Đáp án:

1. had studied - would have passed
2. had asked - would have helped
3. had gone - would have seen
4. had spoken - could have understood
5. had listened - would have been
6. would have written - had known
7. hadn't broken - would have taken part
8. hadn't started - would have walked
9. would have swum - hadn't been
10. had taken - would have arrived
11. had looked – would have known
12. would you have done – had lost
13. wouldn’t have gone – hadn’t been
14. had found – would have taken
15. wouldn’t have used – could have parked
16. had needed – would have waited
17. had known – would have invited
18. had finished – would have gone
19. had not driven – would not have caused
20. had won – would have retired
21. had known – would not have come
22. had not followed – would not have succeeded
23. had won – would have bought
24. had had – would have traveled
25. hadn’t missed – would have arrived
26. hadn’t helped – wouldn’t have finished
27. had saved – could have gone
28. had known – would have studied
29. had prepared – would have passed
30. had won – would have celebrated

Xem thêm: 

>>> BÀI TẬP CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1 (CÓ ĐÁP ÁN)

>>> BÀI TẬP CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 2 (CÓ ĐÁP ÁN)

Bài tập 3: Bài tập câu điều kiện loại 3 trắc nghiệm

Chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thành các câu sau:

1. If she _____ harder, she _____ the exam.
A. had studied/ would pass
B. had studied/ would have passed
C. studied/ would have passed
D. studies/ will pass

2. If I _____ you, I _____ that job.
A. were/ would accept
B. was/ would accept
C. had been/ would have accepted
D. am/ will accept

3. If they _____ earlier, they _____ the bus.
A. had left/ would catch
B. left/ would have caught
C. had left/ would have caught
D. leave/ will catch

4. If we _____ more money, we _____ a new car.
A. had had/ would buy
B. have/ will buy
C. had had/ would have bought
D. have had/ would have bought

5. If he _____ to the party, he _____ her.
A. had gone/ would meet
B. had gone/ would have met
C. went/ would meet
D. goes/ will meet

6. If you _____ me, I _____ you the truth.
A. had asked/ would tell
B. had asked/ would have told
C. ask/ will tell
D. asked/ would have told

7. If they _____ harder, they _____ the game.
A. had trained/ would win
B. had trained/ would have won
C. train/ will win
D. trained/ would have won

8. If she _____ earlier, she _____ the movie.
A. had arrived/ would see
B. had arrived/ would have seen
C. arrives/ will see
D. arrived/ would have seen

9. If we _____ lost, we _____ for help.
A. had gotten/ would ask
B. had gotten/ would have asked
C. get/ will ask
D. got/ would have asked

10. If he _____ the instructions, he _____ the mistake.
A. had followed/ wouldn't make
B. had followed/ wouldn't have made
C. follows/ won't make
D. followed/ wouldn't have made

Đáp án:

1. B
2. C
3. C
4. C
5. B
6. B
7. B
8. B
9. B
10. B

Bài tập 4: Hoàn thành câu với gợi ý cho sẵn (sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 3)

1. Where / you / go / on holiday / last summer / if / you / have / the choice?

→ _________________________________________

2. What / you / do / if / you / feel ill / this morning?

→ _________________________________________

3. What / you / buy / last weekend / if / you / have / lots of money?

→ _________________________________________

4. What / you / do / if / today / be / a public holiday?

→ _________________________________________

5. What film / you / see / if / go / to the cinema / last night?

→ _________________________________________

6. If I / not / forget / my keys / I / be / able / to / get /  into / my apartment.

→ _________________________________________

7. If we / have / more time / we / explore / the / city / in / more detail.

→ _________________________________________

8. If she / not / miss / her flight / she / not / have / to / pay / for / another ticket.

→ _________________________________________

9. If they / not / cancel / the / concert / we / have / a / great / time.

→ _________________________________________

10. If he / not / forget / to / set / his / alarm / he / not / oversleep.

→ _________________________________________

11. If I / study / harder / for / the exam, I / not / fail / it.

→ _________________________________________

12. If Tom / save / some / money, he / be / able / afford / buy / a car.

→ _________________________________________

13. If they / leave / early, they / not / get / stuck / in traffic.

→ _________________________________________

14. If I / take / the / job / offer, I / not / be struggling / financially.

→ _________________________________________

15. If they / hire / more / staff, they / not / be / so / busy.

→ _________________________________________

16. If I / pass / driving test / last month, I / buy / a car.

→ _________________________________________

17. The job / be done / much faster / if / there / be / more / people / helping.

→ _________________________________________

18. If they / go / to / bed / early, they / not / wake / up / late.

→ _________________________________________

19. If she / go / to / art / school, she / become / a painter.

→ _________________________________________

20. She / not / leave / you / alone / if she / know / you / were / ill.

→ _________________________________________

Đáp án:

1. Where would you have gone on holiday last summer if you had had the choice?
2. What would you have done if you had felt ill this morning?
3. What would you have bought last weekend if you had had lots of money?
4. What would you have done if today had been a public holiday?
5. What film would you have seen if you had gone to the cinema last night?
6. If I hadn’t forgotten my keys, I would have been able to  get  into my apartment.
7. If we had had more time, we would have explored the city in more detail.
8. If she had not missed her flight, she would not have had to pay for another ticket.
9. If they had not canceled the concert, we would have had a great time.
10. If he had not forgotten to set his alarm, he would not have overslept.
11. If I had studied harder for the exam, I wouldn't have failed it.
12. If Tom had saved some money, he would be able to afford to buy a car.
13. If they had left early, they wouldn’t have gotten stuck in traffic.
14. If I had taken the job offer, I wouldn't be struggling financially.
15. If they had hired more staff, they wouldn't have been so busy.
16. If I had passed my driving test last month, I would have bought a car.
17. The job would have been done much faster if there’d been more people helping.
18. If they had gone to bed early, they wouldn’t have woken up late.
19. If she had gone to art school, she would have become a painter.
20. She wouldn’t have left you alone if she had known you were ill.

Bài tập 5: Viết lại câu sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 3

1. I wasn't hungry, so I didn't eat anything.
2. The accident happened because the road was icy.
3. I didn't know that Joe had to get up early, so I didn't wake him up.
4. I was able to buy the car only because Jane lent me the money.
5. Karen wasn't injured in the crash because she was wearing a seat belt.
6. You didn't have any breakfast – that's why you're hungry now.
7. I didn't get a taxi because I didn't have any money.
8. You've eaten too much and now you feel sick.
9. I didn’t see Tony at the party. I wanted to speak to him about his vacation in France.
10. I didn’t know watching this movie was important for our project. I didn’t watch it.

Đáp án:

1. If I had been hungry, I would have eaten something.
2. If the road hadn't been icy, the accident wouldn't have happened.
3. If I had known that Joe had to get up early, I would have woken him up.
4. If Jane hadn't lent me the money, I wouldn't have been able to buy the car.
5. If Karen hadn't been wearing a seat belt, she would have been injured.
6. If you had had breakfast, you wouldn't be hungry now.
7. If I had had money, I would have got a taxi.
8. If you hadn’t eaten too much, you wouldn't feel sick now.
9. If I would have seen Tony at the party, I would’ve spoken to him about his vacation in France.
10. If I had known watching this movie was important for our project, I would have watched it. 

Xem thêm: Cách viết lại câu điều kiện loại 1, 2, 3

Bài tập 6: Tìm lỗi sai trong các câu điều kiện loại 3

1. If I would have known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.
2. If they wouldn't have missed the train, they would have arrived on time.
3. If I had had more money, I would had bought a new car.
4. If we wouldn't have been stuck in traffic, we would have made it to the concert on time.
5. If he called me back, we would have discussed the matter further.
6. If I had known more languages, I will have more job opportunities.
7. If he checks his phone, he would have received your message.
8. If the weather would be better, we would have gone camping this weekend.
9. Has she not been lazy, she would finish the exercises.
10. Have I known about the traffic, I would have left earlier.

Đáp án:

1. If I had known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.
2. If they hadn't missed the train, they would have arrived on time.
3. If I had had more money, I would have bought a new car.
4. If we hadn't been stuck in traffic, we would have made it to the concert on time.
5. If he had called me back, we would have discussed the matter further.
6. If I had known more languages, I would have had more job opportunities.
7. If he had checked his phone, he would have received your message.
8. If the weather had been better, we would have gone camping this weekend.
9. Had she not been lazy, she would have finished the exercises.
10. Had I known about the traffic, I would have left earlier.

Bài tập 7: Viết lại những câu sau sử dụng đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3

1. If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam.
2. If they had left earlier, they would have caught the train.
3. If we had saved more money, we could have bought a new car.
4. If he had listened to my advice, he wouldn't have made that mistake.
5. If she had been more careful, she wouldn't have broken the vase.
6. If they had invited me, I would have gone to the party.
7. If we had known you were coming, we would have prepared a bigger meal.
8. If he had worked harder, he could have become a manager.
9. If she had been more patient, she would have understood him.
10. If they had started earlier, they would have finished on time.

Đáp án:

1. Had she studied harder, she would have passed the exam.
2. Had they left earlier, they would have caught the train.
3. Had we saved more money, we could have bought a new car.
4. Had he listened to my advice, he wouldn't have made that mistake.
5. Had she been more careful, she wouldn't have broken the vase.
6. Had they invited me, I would have gone to the party.
7. Had we known you were coming, we would have prepared a bigger meal.
8. Had he worked harder, he could have become a manager.
9. Had she been more patient, she would have understood him.
10. Had they started earlier, they would have finished on time.

Bài tập 8: Viết lại những câu sau sử dụng câu điều kiện hỗn hợp loại 3

1. I didn't study hard. Now I can't get a good job.
2. She didn't take my advice. She is in trouble now.
3. He didn't save any money. He can't buy a house now.
4. We didn't go to the party. We don't know what happened there.
5. They didn't invest in that company. They are poor now.
6. She didn't learn to drive. She can't drive a car now.
7. He didn't finish his homework. His teacher is angry with him now.
8. We didn't bring an umbrella. We are getting wet now.
9. They didn't book a hotel. They can't find a place to stay now.
10. She didn't tell him the truth. He is disappointed in her now.

Đáp án:

1. If I had studied hard, I would have a good job now.
2. If she had taken my advice, she wouldn't be in trouble now.
3. If he had saved some money, he could buy a house now.
4. If we had gone to the party, we would know what happened there.
5. If they had invested in that company, they wouldn't be poor now.
6. If she had learned to drive, she could drive a car now.
7. If he had finished his homework, his teacher wouldn't be angry with him now.
8. If we had brought an umbrella, we wouldn't be getting wet now.
9. If they had booked a hotel, they could find a place to stay now.
10. If she had told him the truth, he wouldn't be disappointed in her now.

Xem thêm: Tổng hợp bài tập câu điều kiện

Hy vọng với phần kiến thức được tổng hợp trên đây, các bạn đã nắm bắt được cấu trúc, cách dùng phù hợp của câu điều kiện loại 3. Hãy rèn luyện thêm phần ngữ pháp này qua các bài tập câu điều kiện loại 3 sẵn có trong bài viết nhé!