55+ BÀI TẬP MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ (CÓ ĐÁP ÁN)

Mệnh đề quan hệ (Relative Clause) là một dạng ngữ pháp thường gặp và xuất hiện nhiều trong các bài thi. Để làm chủ và áp dụng kiến thức này thuần thục, các bạn hãy tham khảo qua bài viết tổng hợp các bài tập mệnh đề quan hệ từ cơ bản đến nâng cao, kèm đáp án của Langmaster sau đây nhé!

1. Tóm tắt kiến thức mệnh đề quan hệ

1.1. Khái niệm

Mệnh đề (Clause) là một phần của câu, được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó. Mệnh đề quan hệ (mệnh đề tính từ) bắt đầu bằng những đại từ quan hệ: who, whom, which, whose, that hay những trạng từ quan hệ: why, where, when.

Ví dụ:

She is the girl that my friend loves. (Cô ấy là người con gái mà đứa bạn tôi yêu.)
Cụm từ "that my friend loves" là mệnh đề quan hệ, bổ ngữ cho danh từ "the girl".

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1.2. Các đại từ quan hệ thường gặp

Đại từ quan hệ	Dùng cho	Vai trò trong câu	Khi nào thường dùng	Ví dụ
Who	Người	Chủ ngữ / tân ngữ	Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước là người	The man who works here is my uncle.
Whom	Người	Tân ngữ	Thường dùng trong văn viết trang trọng hoặc sau giới từ	The girl whom I met yesterday is very friendly.
Which	Vật / sự việc	Chủ ngữ / tân ngữ	Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước là đồ vật, sự việc	The book which I bought is interesting.
That	Người hoặc vật	Chủ ngữ / tân ngữ	Thường dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định	The movie that we watched was amazing.
Whose	Người / vật	Chỉ sở hữu	Dùng khi muốn nói “của ai/cái gì”	The student whose laptop is broken is my friend.

Một số lưu ý khi sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ:

“That” thường được dùng sau các cấu trúc như: the first, the last, the only hoặc so sánh nhất. Ví dụ: This is the best movie that I have ever seen.

Không dùng “that” trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (non-defining relative clause). Ví dụ: My brother, who lives in Hanoi, is a doctor.

Who / which / that có thể lược bỏ khi đóng vai trò tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ. Ví dụ: The book (that) I bought yesterday is very useful.

Giới từ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau đại từ quan hệ (thường dùng với whom và which). Ví dụ: Mr. John, with whom we studied last year, is a handsome teacher hoặc Mr. John, whom we studied with last year, is a handsome teacher.

Which có thể dùng để thay cho cả một mệnh đề đứng trước. Ví dụ: Nana can come to my birthday party, which makes me so happy.

Các cụm từ chỉ số lượng như some of, both of, many of, all of, neither of, none of… có thể đứng trước whom, which, whose. Ví dụ: I have two sons, both of whom are students.

Một số lưu ý khi sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ

1.3. Các trạng từ quan hệ

Trạng từ	Thay cho danh từ	Nghĩa	Ví dụ
When	Thời gian	khi mà	Sunday is the day when we usually meet.
Where	Nơi chốn	nơi mà	This is the restaurant where we had dinner.
Why	Lý do	lý do tại sao	That is the reason why she left early.

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1.4. Mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn

Dạng rút gọn	Cách dùng	Ví dụ
V-ing (hiện tại phân từ)	Dùng khi mệnh đề quan hệ mang nghĩa chủ động. Bỏ who/which/that + V, chuyển động từ thành V-ing.	The woman who stands at the door is my aunt. → The woman standing at the door is my aunt. The man who teaches English at her school is Mr. Tony. → The man teaching English at her school is Mr. Tony.
V3/ed (quá khứ phân từ)	Dùng khi mệnh đề quan hệ mang nghĩa bị động. Bỏ who/which/that + be, giữ V3/ed.	The man who was injured is my neighbor. → The man injured is my neighbor. The rules that are given in the book are very important. → The rules given in the book are very important.
To-infinitive (to + V)	Dùng khi trước mệnh đề có so sánh nhất hoặc các từ: the first, the second, the last, the only.	The last student who comes to class has to water the plants. → The last student to come to class has to water the plants. The only thing which was sold yesterday was the car. → The only thing to be sold yesterday was the car.

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2. Tổng hợp một số dạng bài tập mệnh đề quan hệ

Bài tập 1: Chọn đáp án đúng trong các câu sau

1. She is interviewing the author________ book is one of the best-sellers this year.

A. which

B. whose

C. that

D. who

2. He bought all the ingredients __________are needed for dinner.

A. which

B. what

C. those

D. who

3. The children, __________parents are great doctors, are smart.

A. that

B. whom

C. whose

D. their

4. Do you know the girl ________we met at the party yesterday?

A. which

B. whose

C. who is

D. whom

5. The exercises which they are doing ________very difficult.

A. is

B. has been

C. are

D. was

6. The person _______next to me kept laughing during the film, _______really annoyed me.

A. having sat / that

B. sitting / which

C. to sit / what

D. sitting / who

7. Who was the first person ________foot on the moon?

A. set

B. setting

C. to set

D. who was set

8. This is the town in ________my parents have lived for over 15 years.

A. which

B. that

C. whom

D. where

9. My mother, ________everyone admires, is a nice woman.

A. where

B. whom

C. which

D. whose

10. The old building_________ is in front of my house is going to be rebuilt next month.

A. of which

B. which

C. whose

D. whom

Đáp án:

1. B

2. A

3. C

4. D

5. C

6. B

7. C

8. A

9. B

10. B

Bài tập 2. Điền WHO, WHICH hoặc THAT vào chỗ trống

1. The women _______ lives next door and is her good friend.

2. The book _______ you gave me is highly informative.

3. Do you know the boys _______ are standing outside the restaurant?

4. The police are looking for the thief _______ got into his house last night.

5. The chocolate _______ you are eating comes from Japan.

6. I have kept the necklace _______ my boyfriend gave me in a box.

7. Lana is a teacher_______ always loves to help other people.

8. This is the best novel ________ we have ever read.

9. The newspaper to ______ my family subscribes is delivered everyday.

10. I gave you a magazine _______ had many photos.

11. I don't like the boy _______ Sara is going out with.

12. Did you see the beautiful skirt _______ she wore last night?

13. The man _______ she is going to marry is very kind.

14. This is the house _______ was sold yesterday.

15. He wore a mask _______ made him look like Chaplin.

Đáp án

1. who

2. which

3. who

4. who

5. which

6. which

7. who

8. that

9. which

10. which

11. who

12. which

13. whom

14. which

15. which

Bài tập 3. Sử dụng các đại từ quan hệ phù hợp để nối các cặp câu sau

1. The first girl has just come. She knows the truth.

2. I don't remember the woman. You said you met her at the park last week.

3. The only thing is how to get there quickly. It makes me worried.

4. The most beautiful girl loves dancing. I like her blue eyes so much.

5. He was John. I met him at the supermarket last night.

6. The children often go swimming on Fridays. They usually have a lot of free time then.

7. They are looking for the boy and his dog. They have lost their way in the dark forest.

8. That tree has beautiful flowers. The tree stands near the gate of his house.

9. My wife wants Jean to come to dinner. She is a doctor.

10. The last woman has just returned from the office. I want to talk to her at once.

11. The team will be awarded tomorrow. Their reports are pretty good.

12. The book is an interesting horror story. I was reading it last night.

13. The scientist will never forget the day. He found a strange object on that day.

14. Someone is trying to contact you. She looked for your address two hours ago.

15. The man works for my brother's company. His daughter is fond of drawing.

Đáp án:

1. The first girl who knows the truth has just come.

2. I don't remember the woman whom you said you met at the park last week.

3. The only thing which makes me worried is how to get there quickly.

4. The most beautiful girl, whose blue eyes I like so much, loves dancing.

5. The man whom I met at the supermarket last night was John.

6. The children often go swimming on Fridays when they usually have a lot of free time.

7. They're looking for the boy and his dog that have lost their way in the dark forest.

8. That tree that stands near the gate of his house has beautiful flowers.

9. My wife, who is a doctor, wants Jean to come to dinner.

10. I want to talk to the last woman who has just returned from the office.

11. The team whose reports are pretty good will be awarded tomorrow.

12. The book which I was reading last night is an interesting horror story.

13. The scientist will never forget the day when he found a strange object.

14. The person who looked for your address two hours ago is trying to contact you.

15. The man whose daughter is fond of drawing works for my brother's company.

Bài tập 4. Nối các cặp sau bằng mệnh đề quan hệ

1. She bought the car. Her mother had recommended it.

2. He lost the pencil yesterday. I bought it for him.

3. Lana called the delivery company. Her friend often uses it.

4. Lam met a young man. I used to work with him for a very long time.

5. Sana called the lawyer. My mother knows her very well.

6. He went on a date with a knowledgeable girl. His mother likes her.

7. We employed a gardener. Nam introduced her.

8. The cake is on the table. My mother bought it.

9. The book belongs to Sara. She found it under the cabinet.

10. The food was yummy. My dad cooked the food.

11. The bike was broken. My grandparents gave me the bike.

12. The robber was arrested. Sam reported him to the police immediately.

13. The teacher was smart and kind. Kathy asked him about her problem.

14. The dancer was very pretty. My younger brother dated her.

15. The secretary is in the post office. Hana always helps her.

Đáp án:

1. She bought the car her mother had recommended.

2. He lost the pencil I had bought for him yesterday.

3. Lana called the delivery company her friend often uses.

4. Lam met a young man I used to work with for a very long time.

5. Sana called the lawyer my mother knows very well.

6. He went on a date with a knowledgeable girl his mother likes.

7. We employed the gardener Nam introduced.

8. The cake my mother bought is on the table.

9. The book Sara found under the cabinet belongs to her.

10. The food my dad cooked was yummy.

11. The bike my grandparents gave me was broken.

12. The robber Sam reported to the police immediately was arrested.

13. The teacher Kathy asked about her problem was smart and kind.

14. The dancer my brother dated was very pretty.

15. The secretary Hana always helps is in the post office.

Bài tập 5. Tìm lỗi sai và sửa lại cho đúng trong các câu sau

1. Cindy is the most beautiful girl whose he has ever met.

2. She can’t speak French, whom is not good for her job promotion.

3. The policeman must try to catch those teenagers whom drive dangerously.

4. The man about who I told you yesterday is coming here today.

5. Mother's Day is the day where we show love to our mother.

6. Do you know the reason when they should learn English?

7. The woman who she told me the fake news was not a native citizen.

8. New Year Day is the day where family members spend time together.

Đáp án:

1. whose => that

2. whom => which

3. whom => who

4. about who => about whom

5. where => when

6. when => why

7. who she => who

8. where => when

Bài tập 6: Hoàn thành các câu sau bằng đại từ quan hệ phù hợp

The woman __________ lives next door is a doctor.
The book __________ I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
The restaurant __________ we had dinner last night was very crowded.
The boy __________ bike was stolen is very upset.
The movie __________ we watched yesterday was really exciting.
The teacher __________ teaches us English is very friendly.
The day __________ we first met was unforgettable.
The car __________ is parked outside belongs to my father.

Đáp án:

The woman who lives next door is a doctor.
The book which / that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
The restaurant where we had dinner last night was very crowded.
The boy whose bike was stolen is very upset.
The movie that / which we watched yesterday was really exciting.
The teacher who teaches us English is very friendly.
The day when we first met was unforgettable.
The car that / which is parked outside belongs to my father.

Bài viết đã tổng hợp lại những kiến thức cơ bản về mệnh đề quan hệ, kèm theo một số dạng bài tập để các bạn có thể ôn luyện và thực hành. Hãy cố gắng hoàn thành các bài tập mệnh đề quan hệ để củng cố kiến thức ngữ pháp vững chắc nhé!

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